Glossary
As you might have noticed this site does feature quite a wide range of unusual terms, especially in regards to some of the surgical techniques featured. The glossary attempts to provide clear, straight forward definitions to some of the more complex terms used and additional background to some of the people and events covered by the project.
If you see a term you don't understand or feel there is s word we need to include or define, contact us and we will do our best to add these next additions to the glossary.
Glossary: Terms and topics in this section
- ABC Radio National interview
- Anna Coleman Ladd and Francis Derwent Wood
- Bioactive© glass facial implants
- Computerised Tomography (CT)
- Dr Andrew Bamji
- Dr Ian Thompson
- Funding and Supporters
- Henry Tonks
- HMS Malaya
- HMS Warspite
- Intratracheal anaesthesia
- Introduction
- Investrite
- Lost wax casting
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Paddy Hartley
- Passchendaele
- Pedicle Tube
- Project Background
- Sir Archibald McIndoe, Rainsford Mowlem and the Guinea Pig Club
- Sir Harold Delf Gillies
- Stereoscopic Lithography and Rapid Prototyping
- The Battle of Jutland, 1916
- The Battle of the Somme, 1916
- The Gallipoli Front
- The Gillies Archive
- Tin Facial Prosthetics by Ladd and Wood
- Tin Facial Prosthetics by Ladd and Wood
- Varaztad Kazanjian
ABC Radio National interview
Hear the live interview of Paddy Hartley & Dr Ian Thompson explaining the aims of ‘Project Facade’ on Australia’s premiere arts radio programme ’The Deep End‘, interviewed by Vicki Kerrigan on 20th April 2005.
The clip is a 10.4 MB sound file.
more...Anna Coleman Ladd and Francis Derwent Wood
A number of artists were associated with the production of facial prostheses for servicemen whose injuries were so severe that they required partial masks to give the appearance of a ‘complete face’.
more...Bioactive© glass facial implants
The material Bioactive glass was invented by American Professor Larry Hench during the Vietnam War. Tasked by the US Government to develop a material which could be used to repair large bone injuries suffered by Servicemen during the war, Professor Hench used silica (glass) as a carried or host material which could be combined with other ingredients such as calcium in a powdered form to pack between bone fragments to fuse shattered bones.
more...Computerised Tomography (CT)
A technique of using ultrasound, gamma rays or X-rays to produce a focused image of the structures across a certain depth within the body, while blurring details at other depths.
more...Dr Andrew Bamji
Coming soon…
more...Dr Ian Thompson
Dr. Ian Thompson is a Research Fellow in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, at Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London and is Principal Investigator with Paddy Hartley on the ‘Face Corsets and Bioactive Glass Facial Implants Project’ funded by a Wellcome Trust People Award. He is also the Projects Manager for the Tissue Engineering Group in the Department of Materials, Imperial College, London. Ian has been responsible for the development of bioactive glass materials for tissue engineering and the repair of skeletal deformity for over seven years and has recently been working on a multi million Dollar project to produce a ‘living’ detector to determine the presence of toxic agents in public places. Ian’s latest clinical activities have been to produce orbital floor replacements for patients who have experienced some form of trauma or disease.
more...Funding and Supporters
The following companies, organisations and agencies support Project Facade.
more...Henry Tonks
HMS Malaya
HMS Malaya was built by Armstrong Ship Builders, and launched 18th March 1915. She took part in the Battle of Jutland. and sustained eight hits, and took eight weeks for repairs. During World War Two, she was in the Mediterranean during 1940 and took part in operations against the Italian Fleet.
more...HMS Warspite
Intratracheal anaesthesia
In addition to the innovations in facial surgery pioneered under Harold Gillies at the Queen’s Hospital Sidcup, there were considerable advances in the administering of anaesthetics. It was said at the time that patients feared the anaesthetist’s bottle of chloroform almost as much as the surgeon’s knife.
more...Introduction
Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of “de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum” (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, “Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..”, comes from a line in section 1.10.32.
more...Investrite
Investrite is a castable material similar to plaster and is usually used by jewellers and glass casters. It is relatively soft once cast, making it very easy to remove when used to cast metal or glass using the lost wax process and counters plasters tendency to crack when exposed to heat. If used on its own it should be used within a specialist vacuum chamber. Lost wax moulds made by Paddy Hartley and Dr Ian Thompson are made using various ratios of plaster, Investrite and high temperature aggregate (the latter being crushed fire brick is used as a strengthening material).
more...Lost wax casting
Depending on the final form of an object and the type of metal or glass to be cast, the lost wax casting process has numerous variations and refinements. In its simplest form, a wax model of the object to be cast is produced and is invested in a mould that is usually made of a plaster type mix. Depending on the material to be cast, this mix recipe will differ. A wax extension is left protruding from the top of the mould, usually in the form of an upturned cone shape. The whole mould is then turned upside down and placed in a burn-out kiln where the mould is heated until the wax model inside melts and runs out of the extension and cone; hence the wax is ‘lost’. Whilst still hot, the mould is removed from the kiln, packed in wet sand (in case the mould cracks) and the molten metal or glass is poured into the cavity left by the wax via the cone and extension cavity in the top of the mould. Once the molten material has cooled, the mould is smashed from the cast at which point the sculpture can be cleaned and dressed as required.
more...Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
An imaging technique used in diagnosing certain diseases. Using electromagnetic radiation, images can be obtained of the internal soft tissues such as the brain, spinal cord and other major organs.
more...Paddy Hartley
Over the past six years, Paddy Hartley has successfully devised, fundraised and delivered a series of highly successful Artist in Residence programs, exhibitions and educational/public engagement events. Projects include his Year of the Artist residency at The Thackray Medical Museum and West Yorkshire Playhouse funded project at The Royal Armouries, both of which took place in Leeds and received critical acclaim. These residencies included education programmes devised and delivered by Hartley for schools and young people as part of his direct approach to public engagement. He has also created and delivered numerous events for families and young people at The Victoria and Albert Museum for exhibitions such as ‘Earth and Fire’, ‘Gothic’, the forthcoming Vivienne Westwood retrospective. He is also part of the team of artists at The VandA who have delivered the ‘Museums Award’ nominated ‘Every Object Tells a Story’ I.T. event in conjunction with Ultralab and Channel 4. For the past three years Hartley has also worked as Curator of The Brahm Gallery in Leeds staging over thirty exhibitions for which he has selected artists, produced press and design material, installed work and hosted previews and charity events. He is also responsible for managing the Gallery finances and organizing payment of artists through sale of work. He continues to manage the Gallery from London but is his last year in post due to concentrating on Project Facade.
more...Passchendaele
The Third Battle of Ypres, commonly known as ’Passchendaele‘ commenced from 31st July 1917 until the fall of Passchendaele village on 6th November 1917. To this day the tactics employed are as controversial as those executed at the Battle of the Somme a little over a year earlier, and was the final great battle of attrition of the war. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) incurred some 310,000 casualties, with a similar, lower, number of German casualties: 260,000.
more...Pedicle Tube
The tube pedicle was developed simultaneously yet independently by Sir Harold Gillies at the Queen’s Hospital Sidcup and ophthalmic surgeon Vladimir Petrovich Filatov in Odessa, Russia between 1916 and 1917. A tube pedicle is a flap of skin sewn down its long edges, with one end left attached to the site of origin, the other is attached to the site to be grafted.
more...
Sir Archibald McIndoe, Rainsford Mowlem and the Guinea Pig Club
On the outbreak of World War Two, Harold Gillies and his colleague Tommy Kilner were joined by surgeons Archibald McIndoe, (who was a cousin of Gillies) and Rainsford Mowlem. The re-opening of Sidcup was mooted, but dismissed as at risk from bombing, and the plastic surgery service was split up on service lines.
more...Sir Harold Delf Gillies
Portrait of Sir Harold Gillies on his
Knighthood in 1930. Image
courtesy of The Wellcome Library, London.
Stereoscopic Lithography and Rapid Prototyping
Stereoscopic Lithography and Rapid Prototyping are types of model production using three-dimensional imaging technology and three-dimensional printing systems. An object is either designed as a 3D form in a computer or a real object is placed in a scanner that reads every surface of the object.
more...The Battle of Jutland, 1916
Jutland was the only major naval engagement of the First World War and was the last ever naval engagement between battleship fleets.
more...The Battle of the Somme, 1916
Comprising the main Allied attack on the Western Front during 1916, the Battle of the Somme is famous chiefly on account of the loss of 58,000 British troops (one third of them killed) on the first day of the battle, 1 July 1916, which to this day remains a one-day record. The attack was launched upon a 30 kilometers front, from north of the Somme river between Arras and Albert, and ran from 1 July until 18 November, at which point it was called off.
more...The Gallipoli Front
Field surgery in the Dardanelles, 1915.
Image courtesy of The Wellcome Library, London.
The Gillies Archive
A series of coincidences resulted in the discovery of a remarkable collection of material that documents the development of plastic surgery at the beginning of the 20th Century. Each Dominion detachment removed its records after the war; it was assumed that the British records had been donated to the Royal College of Surgeons and destroyed when the College was bombed in the Second War.
more...Tin Facial Prosthetics by Ladd and Wood
View amazing silent film clips of Anna Coleman Ladd and Francis Derwent Wood making and fitting tin facial prosthetics to injured servicemen circa 1916.
Select the appropriate download size
The film is approximately three minutes long, and may take a while to download, so we have provided two movies. We recommend you stick with the small version below if you have a slow connection speed.
Small version: 2.5 MB. Requires the latest Apple Quicktime plug-in.
Large version: View film clip 7 MB
Note: The film will play automatically. The control bar has been removed to avoid download of the copyrighted material. Please refresh the page to view again.
Tin Facial Prosthetics by Ladd and Wood
View amazing silent film clips of Anna Coleman Ladd and Francis Derwent Wood making and fitting tin facial prosthetics to injured servicemen circa 1916.
Large version: 7 MB. Requires the latest Apple Quicktime plug-in.
Small: View film clip
Note: The film will play automatically. The control bar has been removed to avoid download of the copyrighted material. Please refresh the page to view again.
Requires the latest Apple Quicktime plug-in.
Varaztad Kazanjian
